Course Content

1.1 The Cell Theory

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i. Basic principles of cell theory

ii. Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells

iii. Structure and function of cellular organelles

Cell Theory Test with Explanation

1.2 Cell Membrane & Transport

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i. Structure of the plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer, proteins)

ii. Passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)

iii. Active transport (sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis)

Cell Membrane & Transport Test with Explanation

1.3 Cell Metabolism

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i. ATP and energy transfer

ii. Enzymes: structure, function, and regulation

iii. Photosynthesis (light-dependent and light-independent reactions)

iv. Cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation)

Cell Metabolism Test with Explanation

1.4 Cell Division

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i. The cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)

ii. Meiosis and genetic variation

iii. Cancer and uncontrolled cell division

Cell Division Test with Explanation

2.1 DNA & RNA Structure

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i. DNA double helix (nucleotides, base pairing)

ii. RNA types (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)

iii. DNA replication

DNA & RNA Structure Test with Explanations

2.2 Protein Synthesis

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i. Transcription (DNA → mRNA)

ii. Translation (mRNA → protein)

iii. Genetic code and codon usage

Protein Synthesis Test with Explanation

2.3 Genetics & Inheritance

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i. Mendelian genetics (dominant/recessive alleles, Punnett squares)

Non-Mendelian inheritance (codominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked traits)

iii. Pedigree analysis

Genetics & Inheritance Test with Explanation

2.4 Mutations & Genetic Engineering

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i. Types of mutations (point mutations, frameshift, chromosomal)

ii. PCR, recombinant DNA, and CRISPR

iii. Ethical issues in genetic engineering

Mutations & Genetic Engineering Test with Explanation

3.1 Digestive System

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i. Structure of the digestive tract

ii. Enzymes and digestion (amylase, pepsin, lipase)

iii. Absorption and liver functions

Digestive System Test with Explanations

3.2 Circulatory System

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i. Heart structure and blood flow

ii. Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

iii. Blood composition (RBCs, WBCs, platelets, plasma)

Circulatory system Test with Step by Step Explanations

3.3 Respiratory System

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i. Lungs and gas exchange

ii. Mechanism of breathing (diaphragm, alveoli)

iii. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport

Respiratory System Test with Step by Step Explanations

3.4 Nervous System

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i. Neuron structure and function

ii. Synaptic transmission

iii. Central vs. peripheral nervous system

Nervous System Test with Explanation

3.5 Endocrine System

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i. Major glands (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal)

ii. Hormones (insulin, adrenaline, testosterone, estrogen)

iii. Feedback mechanisms

Endocrine System Test with Explanations

3.6 Excretory System

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i. Kidney structure and nephron function

ii. Urine formation (filtration, reabsorption, secretion)

Excretory System test with Explanations

Excretory System Test with Explanation

3.7 Reproductive System

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i. Male and female reproductive anatomy

ii. Menstrual cycle and fertilization

iii. Embryonic development

Reproductive system Test with Explanation

4.1 Microorganisms

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i. Bacteria (structure, reproduction, pathogenic vs. beneficial)

ii. Viruses (structure, replication, vaccines)

iii. Fungi and parasites

Microorganisms Chapter test with Explanations

4.2 Immune System

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i. Innate vs. adaptive immunity

ii. Antibodies and antigens

iii. Vaccination and herd immunity

Test Immune System with explanations

5.1 Evolution

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i. Darwin’s theory of natural selection

ii. Evidence for evolution (fossils, homologous structures)

iii. Speciation and genetic drift

Evolution Test with Explanations

5.2 Ecology

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i. Ecosystems and biomes

ii. Food chains and energy flow

iii. Human impact (pollution, deforestation, climate change)

Ecology Test with Explanation

6.1 Plant Structure & Function

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i. Root, stem, and leaf anatomy

ii. Transpiration and water transport

Plant Structure & Function Test with Explanation

6.2 Plant Reproduction

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i. Pollination and fertilization

ii. Seed formation and germination

Plant Reproduction Test with explanations

IMAT Biology [ Active Learning Method]

IMAT Biology Preparation - The Cell Theory

IMAT Biology Preparation

Topic: The Cell Theory (Exam Mode)

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