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Biology

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ACELLULAR LIFE

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  • Viruses
    • Classify viruses on basis of their structure/ number of strands/diseases/ hosts etc.
  • AIDS and HIV Infection
    • Identify symptoms, mode of transmission and cause of viral disease (AIDS)

BIOENERGETICS

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  • Respiration
    • Outline the cellular respiration of proteins and fats and correlate these with that of glucose.

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

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  • Biological molecules
    • Define and classify biological molecules.
    • Discuss the importance of biological molecules
  • Biological Importance of Water
    • Describe biologically important properties of water (polarity, hydrolysis, specific heat, water as solvent and reagent, density, cohesion/ionization)
  • Carbohydrates
    • Discuss carbohydrates: monosaccharaides (glucose), oligosaccharides (cane sugar, sucrose, lactose), polysaccharides (starches, cellulose, glycogen)
  • Proteins
    • Describe proteins: amino acids, structure of proteins
  • Lipids
    • Describe lipids: phospholipids, triglycerides, alcohol and esters (acylglycerol)
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
    • Give an account of structure and function RNA
  • Conjugated molecules
    • Discuss conjugated molecules (glycol lipids, glycol proteins)
  • Structure of DNA
    • Explain the double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick.
    • Define gene is a sequence of nucleotides as part of DNA, which codes for the formation of a polypeptide.

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

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  • Cell structure
    • Compare the structure of typical animal and plant cell
  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell
    • Compare and contrast the structure of prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells
  • Cytoplasmic Organelles
    • Outline the structure and function of the following organelles: nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus a Mitochondria
  • Chromosomes
    • Describe the structure, chemical composition and function of chromosomes.

COORDINATION & CONTROL

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  • Receptors
    • Recognize receptors as transducers sensitive to various stimuli.
  • Nervous Coordination
    • Explain the structure of a typical neuron (cell body, dendrites, axon and myelin sheath)
    • Define nerve impulse
    • Classify reflexes
    • Briefly explain the functions of components of a reflex arc
  • Brain
    • Discuss the main parts of the brain (e.g., components of brain stem, mid brain, cerebellum, cerebrum)
    • Describe the functions of each part.

ENZYMES

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  • Enzymes
    • Describe the distinguishing characteristics of enzymes
  • Mode of Enzyme Action
    • Explain mechanism of action of enzymes
  • Factors that Affect the Rate of Enzyme Reactions
    • Describe effects of factor on enzyme action (temperature, pH and concentration)
  • Inhibitors
    • Describe enzyme inhibitors

EVOLUTION

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  • Concept of Evolution
    • Explain origin of life according to concept of evolution
  • Lamarckism
    • Describe the theory of inheritance of acquired characters, as proposed by Lamarck.
  • Darwinism
    • Explain the theory of natural selection as proposed by Darwin

REPRODUCTION

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  • Human Reproductive system
    • Describe the functions of various parts of the male & female reproductive systems and the hormones that regulate those functions
  • Menstrual cycle
    • Describe the menstrual cycle (female reproductive cycle) emphasizing the role of hormones
  • Sexually transmitted diseases
    • List the common sexually transmitted diseases along with their causative agents and main symptoms

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT

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  • Human skeleton
    • Describe cartilage, muscle and bone
    • Explain the main characteristics of cartilage and bone along with functions.
  • Muscles
    • Compare characteristics of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles
  • Skeletal muscles
    • Explain the ultra-structure of skeletal muscles
  • Muscle contraction
    • Describe in brief the process of skeletal muscle contraction
  • Joints
    • Classify joints
  • Arthritis
    • Define arthritis

INHERITANCE

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  • Mendel's laws of Inheritance
    • Associate inheritance with the laws of Mendel.
    • Explain the law of independent assortment, using a suitable example.
  • Gene linkage and crossing over
    • Describe the terms gene linkage and crossing over
    • Explain how gene linkage counters independent assortment and crossing-over modifies the progeny
  • X-linked Recessive inheritance
    • Describe the concept of sex-linkage.
    • Briefly describe Inheritance of sex-linked traits
    • Analyze the inheritance of hemophilia.

CIRCULATION

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  • Human Heart
    • Discuss general structure of human heart
  • Cardiac cycle and phases of Heartbeat
    • Describe the phases of heartbeat.
  • Blood Vessels
    • List the differences and functions of arteries, veins and capillaries.
  • Lymphatic system
    • Describe lymphatic system (nodes, vessels and organs)

IMMUNITY

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  • Specific Defense Mechanism
    • Define and discuss the functions and importance of specific defense mechanisms.

RESPIRATION

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  • Human Respiratory System
    • Discuss the functions of main part of respiratory system.
    • Discuss the process of gas exchange in human lungs.
    • Discuss the effect of smoking on respiratory system.

DIGESTION

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  • Human digestive system
    • Describe the parts of human digestive system
    • Explain the functions of the main parts of the digestive system including associated structures and glands

HOMEOSTASIS

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  • Homeostasis (kidney specifically)
    • Explain different organs of urinary system. Describe the structure of kidney and relate it with its function.
    • Explain the processes of glomerular filtration, selective re-absorption and tubular secretion as the events in kidney functioning.
    • Justify the functioning of kidneys as both excretion and osmoregulation.
    • Compare the function of two major capillary beds in kidney i.e. glomerular capillaries and peritubular capillaries.
    • Explain the causes and treatments of kidney stones.
    • Outline the causes of kidney failure.
    • Describe thermoregulation and explain its needs.
    • List various nitrogenous compounds excreted during the process of excretion.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

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  • Biotechnology and Health Care
    • Describe how biotechnologists can combat health problems by producing vaccines.
    • State the role played by biotechnology in disease diagnosis (DNA/RNA probes, monoclonal antibodies).
    • Describe what products biotechnologists obtain for use in disease treatment.

Chemistry

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INTRODUCTION TO FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

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  • Moles and Avogadro's Numbers
    • Construct mole ratios from balanced equations for use as conversion factors in stoichiometric problems.
    • Perform stoichiometric calculations with balanced equations using moles, representative particles, masses and volumes of the gases (at ST).
  • Limiting and Excess Reactants
    • Explain the limiting reagent in reaction
    • Calculate the maximum number of products produced and the amount of any un-reacted excess reagent
  • Yield
    • Given information from which any two the following may be determine, calculate the third: theoretical yield, actual yield, percentage yield.
    • Calculate the theoretical yield and the percent yield when given the balanced equation, the amount of reactants and the actual yield.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

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  • Discovery of Proton
    • Describe discovery and properties of proton (Positive rays)
  • Planck's Quantum Theory
    • Define Photon as a unit of radiation energy
  • Quantum Numbers and Orbitals
    • Describe the concept of orbitals.
    • Distinguish among Principal energy level, energy sub-level and atomic orbitals
  • Shapes of orbitals
    • Describe the general shapes of S, P and orbitals.
  • Spectrum of Hydrogen
    • Describe Hydrogen Atom using the quantum theory
  • Electronic Configuration
    • Use the Aufbau principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's Rule to write the Electronic Configuration of atoms.
    • Write electronic configuration of atom

GASES

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  • Kinetic Molecular Theory
    • List the postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory
    • Describe the motion of particles of the gas according to kinetic theory.
  • Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
    • State the values of standard temperature and pressure (STP)
  • Boyle's Law
    • Describe the effect of change in pressure on the volume of gas.
  • Charles's Law
    • Describe the effect of change in temperature on the volume of gas.
  • Absolute Zero
    • Explain the significance of the absolute zero, giving its value in degree.
  • Ideal Gas Equation
    • Derive Ideal Gas equation using Boyle's Law, Charle's Law and Avogadro's Law.
  • Unit of "R"
    • Explain the significance and different units of ideal gas constant.
  • Real and Ideal Gas
    • Distinguish between Real and Ideal Gases.

LIQUIDS

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  • Properties Of Liquids based on Kinetic Molecular Theory
    • Describe simple properties of liquids e.g diffusion, compression, expansion, motion of molecules, spaces between them, inter molecular forces and kinetic energy based on kinetic molecular theory.
  • Evaporation, Boiling point and Vapor Pressure
    • Explain physical properties of liquid such as evaporation, vapor pressure, boiling point
  • Hydrogen Bonding
    • Describe the hydrogen bonding in H2O, NH3 and HF molecules.
  • Anomalous behavior of Water
    • Anomalous behavior of water when its density shows maximum at 4 degrees centigrade.

SOLID

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  • Crystalline Solids
    • Describe crystalline solid
  • Factors Affecting the Shape of Ionic Crystals
    • Name three factors that affect the shape of the ionic crystals.
  • Difference between Ionic and Molecular Crystals
    • Give brief description of ionic and molecular crystals.
  • Crystal lattice
    • Explain the structure of a crystal lattice
  • Lattice Energy
    • Define Lattice Energy,

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

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  • Chemical Equilibrium
    • Define chemical equilibrium in terms of reversible reaction.
    • Write both forward and reverse. Describe them macroscopic characteristics of each
  • Le Chatelier's principle
    • State Le Chatelier's principle and be able to apply it to systems in equilibrium with changes in concentration, pressure, temperature or addition of catalyst.
  • Solubility Products
    • Define and explain solubility products.
  • Common Ion Effect
    • Define and explain the common ion effect by giving suitable examples.
  • Buffer Solution
    • Define buffer solution and explain types of buffers.
  • Haber's Process
    • Explain synthesis of Ammonia by Haber's process.

REACTION KINETICS

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  • Chemical Kinetics
    • Define chemical kinetics.
    • Explain the terms: rate of reaction, rate equation.
  • Factors Affecting Rate
    • Explain qualitatively factors affecting rate of reaction.
  • Order of Reaction
    • Give the order with respect to the reactant, write the rate of law for reaction.
    • Explain the meaning of the term "activation energy" and "activated complex".
    • Relate the ideas of activation energy and the activated complex to the rate of reaction.
  • Rate Constant
    • Describe the role of the rate constant in the theoretical determination of reaction rate.

THERMOCHEMISTRY AND ENERGETICS

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  • Thermodynamics
    • Define Thermodynamics
  • Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction
    • Classify reactions as exothermic and endothermic
  • Different Terms Used
    • Define the terms system, surrounding boundary, state function, heat, heat capacity, internal energy, work done and enthalpy of a substance.
  • Internal Energies
    • Name and define the units of the Internal energy.
  • Law of Thermodynamics
    • Explain the first law of thermodynamics of energy conservation.
  • Hess's Law
    • Apply Hess's Law to construct simple energy cycles.
  • Enthalpy
    • Describe enthalpy of the reaction

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

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  • Redox Reaction
    • Give the characteristics of a redox reaction.
  • Oxidation and Reduction
    • Define oxidation and reduction in terms of a change in oxidation number.
  • Balancing Chemical Reaction
    • Use the oxidation number change method to identify atoms being oxidized or reduced in redox reactions.
  • Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)
    • Define Cathode, anode, electrode potential and S.H.E
    • Define the standard electrode potential of an electrode.

CHEMICAL BONDING

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  • VSEPR Theory
    • Use VSEPR Theory to describe the shapes of the molecules.
  • Sigma and Pi Bond
    • Describe the features of sigma and pi- bonds.
  • Hybridization
    • Describe the shapes of simple molecules using orbital hybridization.
  • Application of VSEPR Theory
    • Determine the shapes of some molecules from the number of the bonded pairs.
  • Dipole Movement
    • Predict the molecular polarity from the shapes of molecules.
    • Explain what is meant by the term ionic character of the covalent bond.
    • Describe how knowledge of molecular polarity can be used to explain some physical and chemical properties of the molecules.
  • Bond Energy
    • Define bond energies and explain how they can be used to compare bonds strength of different chemical bonds.

S- AND P- BLOCK ELEMENTS

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  • Properties and their Trends
    • Define and explain the terms atomic radii, ionic radii, covalent radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electro negativity, bond energy and bond length.
  • S-, P-, D- & F- Block Elements
    • Recognize the demarcation of the periodic table into S-block, P-block, D-block and F- block.
  • Reaction of Group I, II, IV elements
    • Describe reactions of Group I elements with water, oxygen and chlorine.
    • Describe reactions of Group II elements with water, oxygen and chlorine.
    • Describe reactions of Group IV Elements.

TRANSITION ELEMENTS

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  • Electronic Structure
    • Describe the electronic structures of the elements and ions of d-block Elements.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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  • Definition and Classification
    • Define organic chemistry and organic compound.
    • Classify organic compounds on structural basis.
  • Functional Group
    • Define functional group.
  • Isomerism
    • Explain stereoisomerism and its types.

CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS

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  • Nomenclature of Alkanes
    • Describe the nomenclature of Alkanes.
  • Free Radical Mechanism
    • Define Free Radical Initiation, propagation and termination.
    • Describe the mechanism of the free radical substitution in alkanes exemplified by Methane and Ethane.
  • Nomenclature and Shapes of Alkenes
    • Explain the IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes.
    • Explain the shapes of the Ethene molecules in terms of Sigma and Pi C-C Bonds.
  • Structure and Reactivity of Alkenes
    • Describe the structure and reactivity of Alkenes as exemplified by Ethene.
  • Preparation of Alkenes
    • Explain Dehydration of Alcohols and Dehydrohalogenation of RX for the preparation of Ethane
  • Benzene
    • Explain the shape of Benzene Molecules (Molecular orbital treatment).
    • Define resonance, resonance energy and relative stability.
    • Compare the reactivity of benzene with alkanes and alkenes.
    • Define addition reactions of benzene and methylbenzene.
    • Describe the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in Benzene.
    • Discuss chemistry of benzene and methylbenzene by nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedal Craft's Alkylation and acylation.
  • Effect of Substituents
    • Apply the knowledge of positions of substituents in the electrophilic substitution of benzene.
  • Alkynes
    • Use the IUPAC naming System of Alkynes.
    • Describe the preparation of Alkynes using elimination reactions.
    • Describe the acidity of alkynes
    • Discuss chemistry of alkynes by hydrogenation, hydro halogenation and hydration.
  • Substitution vs Addition
    • Describe and differentiate between substitution and Addition reactions.

ALKYL HALIDES

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  • Nomenclature
    • Name Alkyl Halides using IUPAC system.
  • Structure and Reactivity
    • Discuss the structure and reactivity of RX.
  • Substitution vs Elimination
    • Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
    • Describe the mechanism and types of elimination reactions.

ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS

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  • Nomenclature, structure and reactivity of Alcohol
    • Explain nomenclature and structure of Alcohols.
    • Explain the reactivity of Alcohols.
    • Describe the chemistry of alcohols by preparation of ethers and esters.
  • Nomenclature, structure and reactivity of Phenols
    • Explain the nomenclature, structure and reactivity of Phenol
    • Discuss the reactivity of phenol and their chemistry by electrophilic aromatic substitution.
  • Alcohols and Phenols
    • Differentiate between an alcohol and phenol.

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

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  • Nomenclature and structure
    • Explain nomenclature and structure of Aldehydes and Ketones.
  • Preparation
    • Discuss the preparation of aldehydes and ketones.
  • Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones
    • Describe Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones and their comparison.
  • Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones
    • Describe Acid and Base catalyzed Nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
    • Discuss the chemistry of Aldehydes and Ketones by their reduction to alcohols
    • Describe oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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  • Nomenclature, Structure and Preparation
    • Describe nomenclature, Structure and Preparation of Carboxylic Acid.
  • Chemical Reactions/Reactivity
    • Discuss reactivity of carboxylic acid.
  • Conversion of Carboxylic Acid
    • Describe the Chemistry of carboxylic acid by conversion to carboxylic acid derivative: acyl halides, an acid hydrides, esters and reaction involving into conversion of these.

MACRO MOLECULES

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  • Classification of Proteins
    • Explain the basis of classification and structure function relationship of proteins.
  • Importance of Proteins
    • Describe the role of various proteins in maintaining body functions and their Nutritional importance.
  • Enzymes as Biocatalyst
    • Describe the role of enzymes as Biocatalyst.

INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

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  • Adhesive
    • Know about types and application of Adhesive.
  • Dyes
    • Know about types of dies and their uses.
  • Polymers
    • Know about condensation and addition polymers and their sub-types.

Physics

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VECTORS AND EQUILIBRIUM

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  • Addition of Vectors
    • Determine the sum of vectors using perpendicular (Rectangular Components)
  • Product of Vectors (Scalar Product)
    • Describe Scalar Product of two vectors in term of angle between them
  • Product of Vectors (Vector Product)
    • Describe Vector product of two vectors in terms of angle between them.

FORCE AND MOTION

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  • Displacement
    • Describe displacement.
  • Velocity
    • Describe average velocity of objects.
  • Displacement-time Graph
    • Interpret displacement-time graph of objects moving along the same straight line.
  • Acceleration
    • Describe acceleration
    • Distinguish between uniform and variable acceleration.
  • Projectile motion
    • Explain that projectile motion is two-dimensional motion in a vertical plane.
    • Communicate the ideas of a projectile in the absence of air resistance.
    • Explain Horizontal component (VH) of velocity is constant.
    • Acceleration is in the vertical direction and is the same as that of a vertically free- falling object.
    • Differentiate between the characteristics of horizontal motion and vertical motion
    • Evaluate, using equations of uniformly accelerated motion for a given initial velocity of frictionless projectile, the following issues: a. How much higher does it go? b. How far would it go along the level land? c. Where would it be after a given time? d. How long will it remain in air? e. Determine the parameters for a projectile launched from ground height f. Launch angle that results in the maximum range g. Relation between the launch angles that result in the same range.
  • Newton's Laws of motion
    • Apply Newton's laws to explain the motion of objects in a variety of context.
  • Newton's Second Law and Linear momentum
    • Describe the Newton's second law of motion as rate of change of momentum.
  • Newton's third law of motion
    • Correlate Newton's third law of motion and conservation of momentum.
  • Collision
    • Solve different problems of elastic and inelastic collisions between two bodies in one dimension by using law of conservation of momentum.
  • Momentum and Explosive forces
    • Describe that momentum is conservational in collision situations.
  • Perfectly elastic collision in one dimension
    • Identify that for a perfectly elastic collision, the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation.

WORK AND ENERGY

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  • Work
    • Describe the concept of work in terms of the product of force F and displacement d in the direction of force
  • Energy
    • Describe energy
  • Kinetic Energy
    • Explain kinetic energy
  • Potential energy
    • Explain the difference between potential energy and gravitational potential energy.
  • Absolute potential energy
    • Describe that the gravitational potential energy is measured from a reference level and can be positive or negative, to denote the orientation from the reference levels.
  • Power
    • Express power as scalar product of force and velocity.
  • Work energy theorem
    • Explain that work done against friction is dissipated as heat in the environment.
  • Implications of energy losses
    • State the implications of energy losses in practical devices and Efficiency

ROTATIONAL AND CIRCULAR MOTION

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  • Angular displacement
    • Define angular displacement, express angular displacement in radians.
    • Define revolution, degree and radian
  • Angular Velocity
    • Describe the term angular velocity
  • Relation between angular and linear quantities
    • Find out the relationship between: a. Relation between linear and angular variables b. Relation between linear and angular displacements c. Relation between linear and angular velocities d. Relation between linear and angular accelerations

FLUID DYNAMICS

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  • Terminal Velocity
    • Describe the terminal velocity of an object.
  • Fluid Drag
    • Define and explain the term fluid drag.
  • Fluid Flow
    • Define the terms: Steady (Streamline or laminar) flow, Incompressible flow and non-viscous flow as applied to the motion of an ideal fluid.
    • Explain that at the sufficiently high velocity, the flow of viscous fluid undergoes a transition from laminar to turbulence conditions
    • Describe that majority of practical examples of fluid flow and resistance to motion in fluid involve turbulent rather than laminar conditions
  • Equation of Continuity
    • Describe equation of continuity Av= constant for the flow of an ideal and incompressible fluid and solve problems using it.
    • Identify that the equation of continuity is the form of principle of conservation of mass.
  • Bernoulli's Equation
    • Interpret and apply Bernoulli's effect in Blood physics.
    • Derive Bernoulli's equation for the case of horizontal tube of flow
    • Describe the pressure difference can arise from different rates of flow of fluid (Bernoulli's effect).

WAVES

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  • Motion of wave
    • Describe the meaning of wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in ropes and springs.
  • Progressive waves
    • Demonstrate that mechanical waves require a medium for their propagation while electromagnetic waves do not.
    • Describe that energy is transferred due to a progressive wave.
  • Characteristics of wave
    • Define and apply the following terms to the wave model; medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, wavelength, velocity.
  • Wave Speed
    • Solve problems using the equation: v=fλ.
  • Classification of progressive waves
    • Compare transverse and longitudinal waves.
  • Speed of sound
    • Explain that speed of sound depends on the properties of medium in which it propagates and describe Newton's formula of speed of waves.
    • Describe the Laplace correction in Newton's formula for speed of sound in air.
    • Identify the factors on which speed of sound in air depends.
  • Superposition of waves
    • Describe the principle of super position of two waves from coherent sources.
    • Explain the principle of Superposition
  • Interference of sound waves
    • Describe the phenomenon of interference of sound waves.
  • Stationary waves
    • Explain the formation of stationary waves using graphical method
    • Define the terms, node and antinodes.
    • Describe modes of vibration of strings.
    • Describe formation of stationary waves in vibrating air columns.
  • Simple Harmonic Motion
    • Explain Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M) and explain the characteristics of S.H.M.
    • Describe that when an object moves in a circle, the motion of its projection on the diameter of a circle is SHM.

THERMODYNAMICS

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  • Thermal equilibrium, Heat
    • Describe that thermal energies transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
  • Molar specific heat of gas
    • Differentiate between specific heat and molar specific heat.
    • Define the terms, specific heat and molar specific heats of a gas.
  • Work
    • Calculate work done by a thermodynamic system during a volume change.
  • First law of thermodynamics
    • Describe the first law of thermodynamics expressed in terms of the change in internal energy, the heating of the system and work done on the system.
    • Explain that first law of thermodynamics expresses the conservation of energy.
  • Relation Cp - Cv
    • Apply the first law of thermodynamics to derive the relation Cp-Cv=R for an ideal gas

ELECTROSTATICS

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  • Coulomb's Law
    • State Coulomb's law and explain that force between two-point charges is reduced in a medium other than free space using Coulomb's law
  • Electric Field
    • Describe the concept of an electric field as an example of a field of force
    • Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point due to two charges with the same or opposite signs
    • Sketch the electric field lines for two-point charges of equal magnitude with same or opposite signs
    • Describe and draw the electric field due to an infinite size conducting plate of positive or negative charge
  • Electric potential
    • Define electric potential at a point in terms of the work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point
    • Define the unit of potential
    • Derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge
  • Capacitor
    • Demonstrate charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistance

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

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  • Steady current
    • Describe the concept of steady current.
  • Ohm's Law
    • State Ohm's law.
  • Factors on which resistance depends
    • Define resistivity and explain its dependence upon temperature.
  • Internal resistance of sources
    • Explain the internal resistance of sources and its consequences for external circuits.
  • Maximum power Output
    • Describe the conditions for maximum power transfer.

ELECTROMAGNETISM

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  • Magnetic flux density/Magnetic field
    • Define magnetic flux density and its units.
  • Magnetic flux
    • Describe the concept of magnetic flux (Phi) as scalar product of magnetic field(B) and area(A)using the relation OB=B.A.
  • Motion of charged particle in magnetic field
    • Describe quantitatively the path followed by a charged particle shot into a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the field.
    • Explain that a force may act on a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

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  • Faraday's Law
    • State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
  • Lenz's Law
    • Account for Lenz's law to predict the direction of an induced current and relate to the principle of conservation of energy.
  • Transformer
    • Describe the construction of a transformer and explain how it works
    • Describe how set-up and step-down transformers can be used to ensure efficient transfer of electricity along cables.

ALTERNATING CURRENT

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  • Phase of Alternating Current
    • Describe the phase of Alternating Current and explain how phase lag and phase lead occur in AC circuits
  • AC through Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor
    • Explain the flow of AC through resistors, Capacitors and Inductor
  • Electromagnetic waves
    • Become familiar with EM spectrum (ranging from radio waves to Gamma rays)

ELECTRONICS

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  • Rectification
    • Define rectification and describe the use of diodes for half and full wave rectifications.
  • PN Junction
    • Describe the PN Junction and discuss its forward and reverse biasing

DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS

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  • Quantum Theory and Radiation
    • Explain the particle model of light in terms of photons with energy

ATOMIC SPECTRA

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  • Atomic Spectra
    • Describe and explain atomic spectra/ line spectrum

NUCLEAR PHYSICS

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  • Composition of atomic nuclei
    • Describe a simple model for the atom to include protons, neutrons and electrons
  • Spontaneous and random nuclear decay
    • Identify the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay.
  • Half-life and rate of decay
    • Describe the term half-life and solve problems using the equation λ=0.693/T(1/2).
  • Biological and Medical uses of radiation
    • Describe biological effects of radiation state and explain the different medical uses of radiation.

English

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READING AND THINKING SKILLS

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  • Comprehension and Analysis
    • Scan to answer short Questions
    • Deduce the meanings of the context
    • Analyze how a writer/poet uses language to apprehend to the senses for figurative language

FORMAL AND LEXICAL ASPECT OF LANGUAGE

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  • Vocabulary
    • deduce the meaning of difficult words from the context using contextual clues.
    • Explore the use of Synonyms with varying shades of meaning used for irony, parody and satire.
  • Sentence Structure and Grammar
    • Illustrate use of pronoun-antecedent agreement.
    • Illustrate use of tenses.
    • Illustrate use of infinitives and infinitives phrases.
    • Illustrate the use of gerund and gerund phrases.
    • Recognize varying position of adverbs in sentences according to their kinds and importance.
    • Illustrate use of prepositions of position, time, movements and directions.
    • Use in speech and writing, all the appropriate transitional devices.
    • Illustrate use of all punctuation marks wherever applicable
    • Analyze sentences for different classes and phrases, evaluate how their position in sentences when change meaning and different communication function.
    • Recognize and use sentence in version for various purposes.
    • Use active and passive voice appropriately in speech and writing according to the required communicative function
    • Use direct and indirect speech appropriately in speech and writing according to the required communicative function.

WRITING SKILLS

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  • Editing and Proofreading
    • Proof read and edit their own peers and given text for the error of usage and style.
    • Faulty sentence structure
    • Subject verb agreement
    • Errors of functions and spellings

Logical Reasoning

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CRITICAL THINKING

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  • Argument Evaluation
    • Develop logical arguments for the statements to be true or false.
    • Give reasons for the right beliefs.
    • Identify and critically evaluate false beliefs using logical reasoning.

LETTER AND SYMBOLS SERIES

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  • Pattern Recognition
    • Develop arithmetical operations as per numbers.
    • Develop geometrical progression as per numbers
    • Develop series/sequential orders as per letter and symbols (according to specific rules).

LOGICAL DEDUCTIONS

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  • Structured Thinking
    • Predict new relations on the basis of given relations.
    • Develop new structure on the basis of information in already drawn structures.

LOGICAL PROBLEMS

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  • Deductive Reasoning
    • Infer result of one problem to resolve another problem.
    • Develop skills to solve puzzles using different pieces of information to arrive at an answer.

COURSE OF ACTION

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  • Decision Making
    • Develop skills to gather parts of information.
    • Use information for making decisions.
    • Judge different courses by using arguments

CAUSE AND EFFECT

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  • Reasoning
    • Give reasons for incidents/events and accidents.
    • Reject false beliefs through valid arguments.
    • Build positive thinking in the society through strong arguments.